All weapons adhere to size mechanics - 1h is your size, light weapons are your size less one and grant +1 attack but -2 damage, and conversely 2h weapons do -1/+2.

Weapons are broke into the following categories:

Daggers
Swords
Axes
Hammers (including clubs and maces)
Spears
Staves
Slings
Bows
Crossbows

Each is balanced around initiative/attack/defense total being +1 for basic weapons and +0 for ones with special qualities

Each weapon also targets a physical stat that differs based on the weapon you use.

Let's get into the list!

Daggers target agility.
+1 initiative, -1 attack, 0 defense.
Quick draw (can draw without action), large size is one handed only, can use agility to attack with medium or smaller size.

Swords target power.
0 initiative, +1 attack, 0 defense. Does the job.

Axes target power.
0 initiative, +2 attack,-1 defense. Stronger but leaves you more open.

Hammers target fortitude.
-1 initiative, +1 attack, +1 defense. Slower but steadier.

Spears target agility.
0 to all categories.
Special sorry, brace: gain advantage on readied attacks against an approaching creature. 2h version grants reach.

Staves target fortitude.
+1 initiative, -1 attack, +1 defense.
2h version grants reach.

Whips target fortitude.
+2 initiative, -1 attack, -1 defense.
Whips have reach.